Essay on Death and Sorrow in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays

 Death and Sorrow in Frankenstein   Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is filled with death and sorrow. They occur in almost every aspect of the book. The four squares of the book, Walter, Victor, the monster, and the cottagers, whole suffer from them at one time or another. Some perceive Frankenstein as a horror story however, in actuality it is a book of calamity and despair. Every page reveals more misery than the page before. Thus, death and sorrow are inevitable in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein.   Walter has an interesting turn of events towards the end of the book. He is forced to abandon his quest to the North Pole, he is faced with the monster and must hear the monsters plans for self-destruction, he has to watch idly as his new friend, Victor, passes from this world. He has such noble dreams and aspirations, but they are all brought to a halt because of his chance meeting with Frankenstein. Or, was his expedition doom from the start because of the nature of wanting t o do what no other man had done? Was it his ambition that led him to untimely failure? The evidence from the text proves that possibly he was never meant to surpass his peers and reserve the glory that he pursued.   Victor experiences very little joy at all after the creation of the monster. He suffers from numerous bouts of depression, he most rear the deaths of his brother, best friend, and wife, all of which were murdered at the reach of the monster. His friend Justine is executed because of the death of William, for which she is falsely accused and convicted. His father also dies after the murder of Elizabeth, Victors cursed bride. With so much death surrounding his life, how is it possible that Victor could still be cognizant of his actions when he decides to pursue the monster and end its violent furiousness? He cant. Victors mind is so clouded by the sorrow and pain of his past that he is blinded to the fact that he is attempting to destroy a creature with far great er physical strength and speed than any mortal. Much of his conflict appears to be created by the monster, when in fact the torment comes from Victors own hands because he himself created and gave life to the monster. The monster lived in a world of eternal turmoil and strife.

Revelation :: essays research papers

No part of the Bible and its interpretation is more controversial than the book of Revelation. The book of Revelation is the last profound book in the refreshful Testament. It conveys the significant purpose of Christianity by describing Gods plan for the world and his final judgment of the people by reinforcing the importance of faith and the concept of Christianity as a whole. This book was written by John in 95 or 96 AD. What is, what has been, and what is to come is the central focus of the content in Revelation. Literalist fundamentalists construe Revelations multivalent visions as predictions of doom and threat, of punishment for the many and salvation for the elect few. Scholarly scientific readings seek to translate the books ambiguity into one-to-one meanings and to transpose its language of symbol and myth into description and facts. In Elisabeth Schssler Fiorenzas The Book of Revelation Justice and Judgment, a third substance of reading Revelation is depicted. The coll ection of essays in this book seeks to intervene in scholarly as well as popular discourses on the apocalypse from a liberationist feminist perspective.The first two parts of the book discuss the kind of theological-historical perspective and ecclesial situation that determines the form-content configuration of Revelation. The first section attempts to assess the theological coarseness to and differences from Judaic apocalypticism. Fiorenza focuses of the problem that although Revelation claims to be a genuinely Christian book and has found its way into the Christian canon, it is often judged to be more Jewish than Christian and not to have achieved the heights of genuinely early Christian theology. In the second part of the book, Fiorenza seeks to assess whether and how much Revelation shares in the theological structure of the Fourth Gospel. Fiorenza proposes that a careful analysis of Revelation would suggest that Pauline, Johannine, and Christian apocalyptic-prophetic traditio ns and circles interacted with each other at the end of the first century C.E in Asia Minor. She charts in the book the structural-theological similarities and differences between the response of Paul and that of Revelation to the realized eschatology. She argues that the author of Revelation attempts to correct the realized eschatology implications of the early Christian tradition with an vehemence on a futuristic apocalyptic understanding of salvation. Fiorenza draws the conclusion that Revelation and its author belong neither to the Johannine nor to the Pauline school, but point to prophetic-apocalyptic traditions in Asia Minor.

Do manners matter? :: Informative, Education, etiquette

Do dexterity matter? Yes, they do however, since well-nigh parents have gone to work, children have fewer chances to sit with their parents and to learn manners from them. Although America is a melting-pot of cultures with various ideas of manners (Packer 22), and the subject of manners is complicated (Hall 185), the standard of fair manners of various cultures is similar. Good manners are the same as fine-tune behaviors and moral etiquette that have respect, consideration, generosity, and thoughtfulness for others (Stewart 14). What goes around comes around therefore, people should treat others as they wish to be treated themselves (Stewart 1). In fact, people would love to be with others who have good manners (Brandenberg 2). Therefore, manners should be taught in the twenty-first century because they not only help people become educated and competitive, only they also help the world become peaceful and smooth.First of all, people are more educated and competitive if they have good manners. Ladies and gentlemen who have good manners appear more educated, credi send back, and superior than other ill-mannered people. Dr. Sokolosky believes, all things being equal in terms of skills and abilities, the person who leaves a good, positive word picture will come out on top (Ricketts, par. 9), which means in a group of people who have equal skills, the one who has good manners will be the winner thus, good manners can improve ones competitiveness. Moreover, my Professor Eadus said that manners are the biggest part of mixer skill, which is true because good manners affect peoples interpersonal relationships and social communications. In fact, dining has been a principal social event in peoples lives therefore, good table manners are essential and conducive to show ones education while erroneous table manners can cause punishment by mothers, embarrassment in front of friends, or being dumped by dates (Packer 268). I have had one of the most embarrassing experie nces in my life. When I was young, I used to play with my food and hold my knife and fork incorrectly until one day I dropped my unanimous piece of steak on the woman who was sitting at the next table. At that moment, I was totally embarrassed and frightened while the woman yelled at me and said I was a rude kid. After that, I went to borrow some books to learn table manners. The way you handle yourself at the table gives off very clear signals as to what kind of a person you are (Cooper, par.

Doctor Zhivago Essay -- Doctor Zhivago Essays

Doctor Zhivago Boris Pasternaks Nobel Prize winning novel, Doctor Zhivago, is exceedingly favored due to its strong characterization and intricate believability. The historical uttermost matches flawlessly with the serious mood evident throughout Pasternaks work. The tone of this novel bleeds into the style and flow of Doctor Zhivago. Exceptional development of these traits makes Zhivago a triumphant effort. The loudness begins with the introduction of several primary characters. Introduced as a child, Yurii A. Zhivago, lives his look in front of the reader. The long period covered gives the reader a variety of life experiences to identify with. As more of Yuras family life is revealed, a link surrounded by the taradiddle and the reader is constructed. Conversations in the story illustrate the feelings and ideals of the characters in Zhivago. One much(prenominal) conversation is between Nikolai Nikolaievich and Ivan Ivanovich. The two discuss philosophy, relating to their ideals and not those of the state or past theorists such as Solovi_v and Marx. The ideals expressed in this sermon are not just the characters, except an idea held by the author. Nikolaievich states that man does not live in a state of nature but in history...It is the...exploration of death with a view to overcome it. (13) Pasternaks belief is people create to overcome their mortality Pasternak has done so by creating Zhivago. The author lives on in the characters that he created. finished the story, different types of life are lived by the characters and the reader. Exploring the life of the rich and the poor, living while at peace and in war causes a variety of characters and emotions to be evoked. This vast array causes a few problems. The primary difficulty i... ...chnique creates a fully developed world in which the characters exist. The book opens with a funeral, that of Zhivagos mother, and it ends with a funeral for Zhivago. The story is assembled in a balanced manner. T he symmetry in the novel adds another unique element to its style. The method in which Zhivago is told is at measure annoying but overall it is a part of why the book as a whole succeeds. In following the life of Zhivago, the effects of the Russian revolution on Russias society are made evident. The strong characterization, believability, powerful imagery, and writing style all help construct a link between the story and the reader. The successful development of this bond draws the reader in the lives of the characters. This union that Pasternak creates is the basis of a universally readable novel, a union that makes Doctor Zhivago a success. Doctor Zhivago Essay -- Doctor Zhivago EssaysDoctor Zhivago Boris Pasternaks Nobel Prize winning novel, Doctor Zhivago, is exceedingly successful due to its strong characterization and profound believability. The historical period matches flawlessly with the serious mood evident throughout Pasternaks work. The tone of this novel bleeds into the style and flow of Doctor Zhivago. Exceptional development of these traits makes Zhivago a triumphant effort. The book begins with the introduction of several primary characters. Introduced as a child, Yurii A. Zhivago, lives his life in front of the reader. The long period covered gives the reader a variety of life experiences to identify with. As more of Yuras family life is revealed, a link between the story and the reader is constructed. Conversations in the story illustrate the feelings and ideals of the characters in Zhivago. One such conversation is between Nikolai Nikolaievich and Ivan Ivanovich. The two discuss philosophy, relating to their ideals and not those of the state or past theorists such as Solovi_v and Marx. The ideals expressed in this discussion are not just the characters, but an idea held by the author. Nikolaievich states that man does not live in a state of nature but in history...It is the...exploration of death with a view to overcom e it. (13) Pasternaks belief is people create to overcome their mortality Pasternak has done so by creating Zhivago. The author lives on in the characters that he created. Through the story, different types of life are lived by the characters and the reader. Exploring the life of the rich and the poor, living while at peace and in war causes a variety of characters and emotions to be evoked. This vast array causes a few problems. The primary difficulty i... ...chnique creates a fully developed world in which the characters exist. The book opens with a funeral, that of Zhivagos mother, and it ends with a funeral for Zhivago. The story is assembled in a balanced manner. The symmetry in the novel adds another unique element to its style. The method in which Zhivago is told is at times annoying but overall it is a part of why the book as a whole succeeds. In following the life of Zhivago, the effects of the Russian revolution on Russias society are made evident. The strong characteri zation, believability, powerful imagery, and writing style all help construct a link between the story and the reader. The successful development of this bond draws the reader in the lives of the characters. This union that Pasternak creates is the basis of a universally readable novel, a union that makes Doctor Zhivago a success.

Comparing Obsession in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Aldous Huxley’s

Comparing Obsession in bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein and Aldous Huxleys After Many A Summer Dies the SwanAuthors leave fingerprints on the works they write. Underneath the story, hidden amidst the words, lies a creative activityview, a concept of valetity, a message. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is an entertaining story meant to give the reader goose bumps late at night, but the telling of the story also reveals Shelleys concept nigh the basic fabric of human nature. In the same way Aldous Huxley in After Many A Summer Dies the Swan weaves a tale that is start story and part commentary on how humans interact and think and self-destruct. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley portrays obsession as an anomalous aspect of human behavior resulting when people move away from their basically good nature, while Aldous Huxley portrays obsession as the most intrinsic of all human qualities. This paper will production line the basic views presented in each book about the origin of obsession an d its relation to human nature, giving examples of how the authors views are embodied in their characters. In the brisk Frankenstein, Mary Shelley presents a view of human nature that is largely positive so long as it does not wander into the dangerous realm of obsession. Shespeaks of human endeavors and discoveries as being valuable and good. The young superior is enchanted by scientists who have performed miracles by penetrating the recesses of nature (45). The discovery and contemplation of the natural world is a means by which characters find serenity and calm, and thus come in tune with the beauty of their humanity. In the midst of the sublime wilderness, even Victor contemplates divine ideals of liberty and self-sacrifice (1... ...nts human nature as basically good aside from the selfish obsession perpetuated by withdrawal fromnormal gild and human behavior. Huxley offers a bleaker view, portraying self-obsession as an innate quality ensnaring all of his characters unless they are freed to transcend their humanity and seek another level of consciousness. If Shelley and Huxley were here(predicate) today, debating the merits of their stance, Shelley may might utter the words of Pete Boone, I suppose Ive been too optimistic. And Huxley, adjusting his thick glasses, might reply as Propter did, Too optimistic in certain directions, and at the same time too pessimistic in others (188). Works CitedHuxley, Aldous. After Many a Summer Dies the Swan. Mattituck, New York American separate Company, 1976. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York Barnes and Noble Classics. 2003.

Comparing Obsession in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Aldous Huxley’s

Comparing Obsession in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Aldous Huxleys After Many A Summer Dies the SwanAuthors leave fingerprints on the works they write. Underneath the tosh, hidden amidst the words, lies a world gull, a concept of humankindity, a message. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is an entertaining story meant to give the reader goose bumps late at night, but the telling of the story also reveals Shelleys concept about the basic fabric of human nature. In the kindred way Aldous Huxley in After Many A Summer Dies the Swan weaves a tale that is part story and part translation on how humans interact and think and self-destruct. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley portrays obsession as an anomalous aspect of human behavior resulting when people move past from their basically good nature, while Aldous Huxley portrays obsession as the most intrinsic of all human qualities. This paper will contrast the basic views presented in to each one book about the origin of obsession and its relati on to human nature, giving examples of how the authors views are embodied in their characters. In the novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley presents a view of human nature that is largely positive so long as it does not wander into the dangerous realm of obsession. Shespeaks of human endeavors and discoveries as being worth(predicate) and good. The young Victor is enchanted by scientists who have performed miracles by penetrating the recesses of nature (45). The discovery and contemplation of the natural world is a means by which characters find serenity and calm, and thus come in tune with the beauty of their humanity. In the midst of the sublime wilderness, even Victor contemplates divine ideals of liberty and self-immolation (1... ...nts human nature as basically good aside from the selfish obsession perpetuated by withdrawal fromnormal society and human behavior. Huxley offers a bleaker view, portray self-obsession as an innate quality ensnaring all of his characters unless they are freed to transcend their humanity and seek another level of consciousness. If Shelley and Huxley were here today, debating the merits of their stance, Shelley may might let the cat out of the bag the words of Pete Boone, I suppose Ive been too optimistic. And Huxley, adjusting his thick glasses, might reply as Propter did, Too optimistic in certain directions, and at the same time too pessimistic in others (188). Works CitedHuxley, Aldous. After Many a Summer Dies the Swan. Mattituck, New York American Reprint Company, 1976. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York Barnes and Noble Classics. 2003.

Amazon Rainforest

amazon Rain woodwind instrument I am an explorer and I in effect(p) returned from an expedition to the Amazon rain forest. The Amazon rainforest was amazing and there lots of facts that I would like to tell you rough picThe Rainforest bewilder around the equator. The warming, turned on(p) conditions argon perfect for plants. picIn fact, rainforests contain the heavy(a)st diversity of plant and animal life on earth many species argon still unidentified. Rainforests form dis platect layers, providing bags for animals at either levels. picThe Amazon rainforest is the populations largest remaining natural resource that now represents 54% of the total rainforest left on earth. picMore than 20% of earths oxygen is produced in this sector the name of that area is called lungs of the planet. picAn estimated number of 2,700 one million million acres of the rainforest are burned each(prenominal) year. picThe rainforest is one of the wettest besides hottest places on earth. Augus t is the Amazons driest month. picIn the s kayoedheast of England, the temperature in January is about 5c, where as in the Amazon it is about 28c. picThe total number of tree species is estimated to be about 2500. The total numbers of plants are about 40. 000. The Amazon insects are about 2. 5 million species.There are 7500 species of butterflies and 50 species of ants are make in a single tree. picOver 500 mammals, 175 lizards and over 300 other reptiles species, and one third of the worlds birds bed in Amazonia. Map of the Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest covers the area of 2. 5 million square miles, and taken up social club countries of Brazil Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Guianas, Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname. Tropical rainforests are located around the equator where temperatures stay near 80 degrees year round. Rainforest receive 160 too cd inches of rain each year.Today, rapid deforestation threatens the Amazons forests. At curren t rates, 25 percent of its original forests are projected to be destroyed by 2020, it give be a disaster. Climate This is a climate graph showing temperature and precipitation that happens yearly. The rainfall in January to march is increasing then it falls to whitethorn from 310mm to 250 mm. The rainfall then decreases to 110mm, and then it goes back down to august by 60mm. The precipitation level ascends to December by 170mm. There was lots of rainfall in between January and May, its like monsoon in India.The temperature starts in January at the level of 130 degrees Celsius, and then it drops to 110 degrees Celsius. Temperature increased to 140 degrees Celsius in April and may. Then it went up to one hundred fifty degrees Celsius in July, afterwards it shoots up to 290 degrees Celsius in September and 300 degrees Celsius in October. The temperature drops right down to 200 degrees Celsius in December. The temperature rose and the rainforest were really hot in between August and N ovember. As I was exploring the rainforest I noticed that it is very hot, wet and sticky- very humid. I was covered with sweat and my boots were all sticky with mud.Another thing is that it rains everyday, so regularly that you could set your watch by it. The eastern horizon becomes suddenly black, and then wind rushes through the forest, a undimmed flash of lightening, a crash of thunder and last the downpour of rain. The next day the sun rises-spring summer autumn as it were in one tropical day. There is one type of rainfall, which is called convectional rainfall, which means that the sun heats the ground, which heats the air nearest the ground causing it to expand and rise. Storms are common with convectional rainfall. The Amazon rainforest gets ball club feet of rain every year.Amazon Animals Birds Rainforests contain the richest variety of the worlds birds. From the emergent layer, fast-flying predators, such as eagles and hawks, descend on forest animals. The cover is hom e to birds such as hornbills, par nonsenses, and toucans, which feed on fruit and menial animals. On the forest floor birds scratch at the soil for insects and plant roots. Here are the three animals that I saw during my expedition. Sloth I saw the sloth, there were lots of them hanging in the trees. They are very unique mammals and I found them in the canopy layer. There are six to seven species of them.They are divided up into two groups the two-toed sloth, three-toed sloth. Three-toed sloths cash in ones chips on cecropia leaves but two-toed sloths live high in the canopy feeding on a wide variety of leaves and fruits. They are very slow and lazy animals that live in trees. Sloths blow over most of their time hanging upside down from the tree branches. They sleep, mate, eat and give birth to a baby hanging upside down. They hold onto the branches with their fortified sharp curved claws that are on each of their feet, which adapt to the surround they are living. They cant stan d upright beca ingestion of the large claws.In their forest habitat, however, their hook-like claws permit a far more reliable grip on tree branches than the grip of a normal fist. Sloths have a thick brown and meagerly greenish fur coat. Sloths are about a size of a cat. They are short, flat head, big eyes, a short tail, long legs and tiny ears. any(prenominal) sloths have green algae on their fur to camouflage effect and providing some nutrients to the sloths, which lick the algae. Their fur goes upside down for rain pee to drip off. Sloths in any case have adaptations to stay warm Apparently the sloths laziness is because of its diet.They eat only leaves, which are naturally low in energy and they are hard to digest. They sleep to get energy and they sleep about for 20 hours a day. They camouflage to hide from the predators like harpy eagles, anacondas, jaguars and humans. They can live up to 12 years in the wild. They are better at swimming than walking. Anaconda- heaviest s nake in the world Honestly I really hate snakes, but unfortunately I saw an anaconda resting in one of the trees. Luckily it wasnt hungry. It was camouflaged so it cannot be visible. Then I found out that they are the heaviest snakes in the world.They also known as the water boa, they are giant, semi-aquatic meat-eater lives in swampy areas of tropical South America. The largest anaconda ever measured was nearly 28 feet long with a girth of 44 inches. The weight was over 500 lbs. Anacondas are not poisonous but it coils itself around its prey and they thump it. Anaconda could swallow entire cow. The digestion can take up to several days. They feed mostly on capybara, humans (if necessary), tip, and mammals. Anaconda dont use its teeth to chew, it uses it to hold on to its prey to prevent it from escaping. Hummingbirds Awww The hummingbirds look so cute.There were lots of them. It was really colourful when they all came together into groups. They are extremely small and brilliantl y coloured, their wings beating up to 80 times per second and making an audible buzzing sound as theyas they fly. They are fabulously fast and they dont keep still. Hummingbirds require lots of energy. They have the fastest wing beats of any bird and their hearts beat up to 1,260 beats per minute. Hummingbirds may visit 1,000 flowers per day. For protein, hummingbirds eat spiders and strain gnats from mid-air. They will pull insects out of spider webs including the spider itself.Sapsucker holes are a double treat, netting both insects and sap They mainly live in the canopy area. Plants As I researched on plants I discovered that many rainforest trees are tall, with straight boxers with few branches and buttress roots support them. Other plants embroil epiphytes, such as bromeliads and orchids. Epiphytes use other plants as support, attaching themselves to branches by their roots to reach the light. They muddle water and obtain nutrients from plant material that fall on them. Bro meliads have spiky leaves that channel water, leaves and fruit into a pool in the centre these rot to provide the bromeliad with nutrients.Structure of the Amazon rainforest trees The Emergent The upper layer can reach up to 60 m above the forest floor. Here the tallest trees of the forest stick out in isolation from the mass of trees below. The emergent layer is home to bats, predatory birds, and fruit eaters such as the sun conure. Emergent trees are the tallest trees in a rain forest canopy, the ones that get the light. When they fall, they dish out a lot of light reach down onto the forest floor for other trees to finally get their chance to stimulate. Canopy Between 30-45m above ground level is the canopy.This dense layer of branches and leaves contains the greatest variety of animal life in the forest. Lianas- suffrutescent creepers reach up to the sunlight of the upper canopy. Plants like Epiphytes grow on canopy trees. A common term for canopy trees is shade trees. A can opy is the outer layer of the trees leaves, and shade trees have a dense canopy that block out the light. Some good canopy trees include Oaks, maples, ashes, lindens, elms, poplars, beeches, tilias, tulipwood, tree waratah,birches, golden robinia, crepe myrtle, Japanese crab apple, ornamental pea,flowering plum. UnderstoreyShrubs grow in the Understorey layer wherever light squeeze through the canopy. Lizards, such as the common iguana, live here, climbing up tree trunks and feeding on insects and vegetation. The Understorey is the group of small trees, shrubs and vines that grow under the taller trees. These plants can grow in the shade of the taller trees. Understorey trees usually stay short, even if they are very old. Forest floor There are few plants on the dark forest floor, but many small animals such as insects feed on and recycle material that falls from above. Almost no plants grow in this area, as a result.Since hardly any sun reaches the forest floor things begin to deca y quickly. A leaf that might take one year to go in a regular climate will disappear in6 weeks. Leaf-cutter ant use leaves as a compost to grow fungus they feed on. Indian Tribes The kayapo liquidation Traditional Kayapo villages are formed by a circle of houses built around a large light area. The houses from the kayapo village are mainly made from materials from the forest. Men work together as a team and a colourful parrot guides the men like where to vest the stuff and etc. There are 10 houses altogether.They are made from palm trees. In the middle of the village there is the mens house. materialization and unmarried men go there. They join the senior men to paint their faces and bodies as a tradition and they learn the history of tribes and the daily basis. The river is used for fishing, bathing, cooking and drinking. Fishing is a year-round activity, but it has to be done in the dry season, when the water level is at its lowest, that fish are caught in large numbers. To achieve this, the Kayapo use timbo vines. The men beat the vines for hours in the water with small clubs (sticks wider at one end).This decreases the oxygen of the water but this wont poisson the fish. The fish wont be able to breathe in the water. Then the fish floats to the other end of the water and the children catches the fish with their bare hands. Then they go back to their village and hand their fish over to their wife, if they are unmarried they will give the fish to their mother or sister. Other foods are liberal in the garden where women look after them. The women harvest the familys garden for vegetables. They also prepare body paint with the help of their children. Children play hunting games.Kayapo learn portugese to help them understand the world around them. They use radios to communicate with the other tribes. Deforestation Deforestation is when the amazon tropical rainforest or any forest which is be cut down at an alarimg rate. It is estimated that 100,000 speci es willl become extinct in the next 40 years as a result of deforestation. The potential for discovering new foods or medicines from these species will be lost forever. The problem is that the rainforest does not grow back. This is because most of the nutrients which the plants needs to grow are stored in the trees.Once the trees have been removed, the source of the nutrients diappears. whatever goodness that is left in the soil is quickly washed away by the heavy rainfall that happens in this region. There used to be 6 million indigenous people in the amazon rainforest today there are only 200,000 left. This is because deforestation is destroying their traditional lands, they have suffered from diseases brought in by the settlers. If deforestation is not controlled only 28 per cent of the amazon rainforest will be left by 2020. Deforestation is caused by Agriculture- the forest has been cleared to clear farmland for large estates.Ranching- a major cause of deforestation is for bee f cattle farming. Mining- the amazon is rich in minerals like iron ore, tin and gold the forest is destroyed by the mines. Dams- the dams provide essential electricity, which is a renewable energy source. However the forest is flooded and wildlife will loose their habitat. Roads- 12,000 km of roads have been built in the amazon. Conclusion We can help to protect the rainforest by making sure that we do not bargain any products that are responsible for trees being cut down. We can also support organisations that protect rainforests such as friends of the earth or greenpeace.Each year an area of forest slightly larger than trees are cut down, releasing global warming pollution in the form of carbon dioxide and methane from burning and decaying vegetation. Deforestation disturbs the water cycle by allowing water to runoff directly to rivers rather than being trapped in soil and vegetation and slowly released throughout the year. 85% of the Amazon rainforest may be lost due to global warming. By the end of the year the trees had released more than two-thirds of the carbon dioxide they have stored during their lives, helping to act as a break on global warming.Instead they began accelerating the climate change. These are some steps for saving rainforests which are known as TREES Teach others about the grandness of the environment and how they can help save rainforests. Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cut down. Encourage people to live in a way that doesnt hurt the environment Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife Support companies that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment That was the end to my journey I had a lovely time. I like to go there again.

Anglo-Saxon Values Demonstrated by Beowulf Essay

In Seamus Heaneys translation of the epic Beowulf, the protagonist, Beowulf, exemplifies the values of an Anglo-Saxon warrior and king. Beowulf is a Geatish warrior who uses his super-human position to defend the Danes, a neighboring kingdom, from a unholy monster named Grendel. Beowulf then goes on to kill Grendels mother and become the king of the Geats. During his reign, Beowulf runs a successful kingdom and sacrifices his life to save his kingdom from a dragon. Beowulf demonstrates the Anglo-Saxon values of physical chroma, a thirst for revenge, and courage, through the manner in which he fights various battles and his motives for battle them.Beowulfs extraordinary physical strength is displayed during his battle with Grendel, a powerful monster who has fought and killed many Danish warriors without difficulty. When Grendel tries to sneak up on Beowulf, Grendel discovers himself in a handgrip harder than anything he had ever encountered in any man on the face of the earth (Be owulf lines 749-752). Physical strength is greatly valued by the Anglo-Saxon culture, and Beowulf is stronger than anything Grendel has ever faced before. Because of his impressive strength, both the Danes and Geats ar willing to follow Beowulf into battle and can count on him to lead and protect them. It is evident from Grendels struggle that Beowulf surpasses the physical strength of the convening human, making him a model Anglo-Saxon warrior. Along with his immense physical strength, Beowulf is willing to seek revenge to achieve justice.BEOWULFS conflict WITH GRENDELS bewilder IS DRIVEN BY REVENGE. GRENDELS MOTHER SNATCHES AND KILLS A DANE NAMED AESCHERE, WHICH DEEPLY AFFECTS KING HYGELAC, WHOM BEOWULF IS VERY CLOSE TO. BEOWULF TAKES IT UPON HIMSELF TO AVENGE THE DEATH OF AESCHERE FOR KING HYGELAC AND abet A BATTLE WITH GRENDELSMOTHER IN THE NAME OF JUSTICE. BEOWULFS BELIEF THAT IT IS ALWAYS BETTER TO AVENGE DEAR ONES THAN TO INDULGE IN MOURNING REPRESENTS THE BELIEFS OF MANY Anglo-Saxon WARRIORS. (BEOWULF LINES 1384-1385). IN ANGLO-SAXON CULTURE, GRIEVING OVER ONES LOSSES IS DISCOURAGED. IF AN ANGLO-SAXON WARRIOR IS WRONGED, THEY ARE OBLIGATED TO SEEK VENGEANCE AND BE WILLING TO INSTIGATE BATTLES IN ORDER TO BE A SUCCESSFUL AND RESPECTED WARRIOR OR KING. BEOWULF LIVES UP TO THE SOCIAL NORMS OF ANGLO-SAXON SOCIETY AND MANAGES TO MAINTAIN HIS HEROIC REPUTATION BY ATTEMPTING TO KILL GRENDELS MOTHER AS AN ACT OF REVENGE. A BATTLE FOUGHT IN THE NAME OF REVENGE HAS THE POTENTIAL TO SHOWCASE A HEROS TALENT AND DRIVE THEM TO FAME, BUT THAT THIRST FOR REVENGE IS AN EMPTY THREAT WITHOUT COURAGE TO BACK IT UP.Beowulf reveals tremendous courage in each of his battles, but portentous fearlessness is displayed in his fight against a dragon to defend the people of his kingdom. Beowulf is very old at the time of this battle, so he knows the chances of him being equal to defeat the dragon and survive are slim. Despite the unlikelihood of his victory, Beowulf still ch ooses to fight, and tells his men,this fight is not yours, nor is it up to any man except me, to measure his strength against the monster or to prove his worth. I shall win the gold by my courage (Beowulf lines 2532-2536). As king, Beowulf abides to the norms of Anglo-Saxon culture and feels that he must be the 1 to lead his men to battle no matter what the cost. All of Beowulfs warriors, except Wiglaf, abandon him when he needs them most during the battle, out of fear for their lives. Beowulf and Wiglaf are the only ones with the courage to continue fighting the dragon even when the odds are working against them, proving that they alone have the values of a true Anglo-saxon warrior.Throughout Beowulfs life he earns his place as a devoted and successful Anglo-Saxon warrior because he demonstrates their values not once, but third times. In each of his battles, Beowulfs actions portray the key Anglo-Saxon values of immense physical strength, the right to seek revenge, and courage. B y observing the manner in which Beowulf fights his battles, one can conclude that in order to be a respected Anglo-Saxon leader and warrior one must possess all of these qualities. leadership today exemplify traits thepeople of society value, which allow the leaders to gain the trust and admiration of others, just as Beowulf did. This is evident in the protagonists we choose for our literary works and the people we choose to lead us. For example, selflessness is highly valued in todays society, and a major literary hero, Superman, shows this characteristic by fighting evil to save others without concern for himself. Beowulf and leaders today are able to achieve respect and power because they embody the traits admired by the people of their time.

Interdiscuplinary Study in Consumer Behaviour Essay

With the development of a bringr society, increasing consumer power in the market place, the growth in marketing, advertising, sophisticated consumers, ethical outgo etc, habit is recognized as central to modern life. Thus it entails to go into a depth of the different approaches to consumer behaviour. Many human sciences give a conversion of reasons to explain why a consumer behaves in a particular way in a given situation. Studies of consumption investigate how and why society and individuals consume goods and services, and how this affects society and human relationships.These are found in many social sciences such as economics, psychology, sociology, etc. The present study tries to investigate these theories based on consumption and consumer behaviour and how far these are interlinked as well as different from one another. It is also aimed at studying the relevance of these theories with the help of chief(a) entropy and research. The purpose of this study is to find out whe ther there is some interlink between the various theories and approaches given by different economists, psychologists and sociologists.The hypothesis frame in for the research is that Consumption is greatly influenced by the income factor. The data used in the study was mostly secondary in nature from the internet and reference to several(prenominal) books. The theories of consumption studied for this purpose are the demand theory, indifference curve analysis, revealed preference theory, Keynes consumption theory, permanent income hypothesis, relative income hypothesis, life-cycle hypothesis, Maslows Hierarchy of needs, the sociological theories of consumption given by G.Katona, Ruby Turner Norris and the theory of Conspicuous consumption given by Veblen. An attempt has been made to study consumer behaviour with the help of basal data collected from a sample of 40 people from 4 categories namely, students, housewives, employees and businessmen. They were asked to rank the differen t factors that influence their buying behaviour. The influential factors given in the questionnaire were interpreted from the consumption theories given in economics, sociology as well as psychology as given above.From the analysis of both primary as well as secondary data, it was found that majority of people give importance to their income level. However, it is also found that, besides income factor, people also think about sociological and mental factors while purchasing a commodity such as security, safety, fashion, advertising, comforts and prestige issues. As given in the Sociological theories of G. Katona and Norris, it was seen after the primary data analysis that the economic theory of consumption lacks such social structural variables.Thus it is concluded that in the construction of any consumption function or theory for a particular product, for a particular class of products, or for consumption in general not either economic or sociological or psychological variable i s to be regarded as the key determinant. Different combinations of all these three enter into different statements of consumption functions at different situations and cadence periods according to the necessity or urgency of the wants.

Comparing Pride and Prejudice to Macbeth

In the first few chapters of Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen portrays Fitzwilliam Darcy as so high and conceited, a most disagreeable man and possessed of shocking madness. This is conveyed to the earshot through Elizabeth Bennets eavesdropping and the Bennet familys first impression of Darcy. At the start of Macbeth however, the central character, Macbeth, is portrayed by William Shakespeare as a hero. In Scotland he is loved, trusted and admired Oh valiant cousin, worthy gentleman, brave Macbeth.Nevertheless by the end of both works, the listenings own opinion of each character has kindd to the complete opposite. Their opinion has been altered by the authors who try to confute the audiences initial understanding of both characters. Many characters end-to-end Pride and Prejudice change in one federal agency or another. They especially change other peoples impressions of them. A good example of this is Mr Wickham. When Wickham is first introduced into the novel, he is portrayed as a good, kind man who was unfortunate abundant to shit lived with Darcy Wickham was the happy man towards whom almost every female eye was turned As the novel progresses Elizabeth conveys to find out about his true characteristics. The way in which Jane Austen changes our opinion of Wickham is initially through the letter that Darcy sends to Elizabeth after she has declined his first offer of marriage. The letter she receives explains why Darcy dislikes Wickham. It tells her of the ungentleman like things that Wickham has done in the past. It explains how he became a wild one as one of Darcys housemaids told Elizabeth when she made a visit to Pemberley.On the other hand in Macbeth, the character who undergoes the most change throughout the play is in fact Macbeth himself. At first, he was a very honourable and noble man, both on and off the battlefields of Scotland. This is shown we he is appointed to comely Thane of Cawdor He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor. Mac beth however, was a very ambitious man as well, and this was part of the reason for his change of character and downfall I have no spurbut only vaulting ambition which oerleaps itself.It was Shakespeares portrayal of Macbeths ambition that allowed him to have the ability to change the audiences opinion of Macbeth completely. Pushed by the idea that he could become king, his growing ambition and misplace confidence in the prophecies and Lady Macbeth, Macbeth begins to become an evil, murderous despot lacking any sense of mind. Another way in which Jane Austen changes ideas and characters in Pride and Prejudice is through the actions and words of Mr Bennet. Mr Bennet undergoes one of the most momentous changes throughout the course of the novel.When he is first introduced he is one of the direct characters offering comic relief and as the beginning of the story progresses, we see that his primary characteristics revolve around poking fun at his wife I have the utmost respect for yo ur nerves. Theyve been my constant companion these twenty years. He likewise stays aloof from his daughters, and does not care about serious matters of love. As the novel progresses, most especially after Lydias elopement and arranged marriage, we see Mr. Bennets character begin to change.The weight of his careless attitude finally sits heavy enough on his shoulders that he can no longer ignore it. While he passive pokes fun at his wife, he understands that his daughters need a firm father if they are to curb their wild natures. With Lydia, it was too late, but he wasted no time in turning on Kitty and immediately laying down the law of his house This shows the audience that he realises that he hasnt brought up his daughters how he wanted to and her wants to change that with kitty.

Soc 3116 Notes

* June 7 * * ***We had our midterm this day took a few n wholenesss further, acceptt necessitate it (not precise important). You should surrender it somewhere if so, channel it to me June 14st, 2012 The World According to Google film notes * Google Algorithm is the most piece of valuable intellectual property in the world. * They were acc routined of favouring search resultant roles in favour of their sponsors * By digitizing, we get out have to selectively pick what to keep. on that point is just too much. Long term unanticipated consequences will be the loss of libraries and arc hive aways that will be expensive in the future and have limited entry. Google claimed that they werent press release to charge for digitized books, but in the future it isnt guaranteed. * Focused on the appendage of Google at a time that surely appe bed to advancing, and not willing to sh atomic number 18 that technology and not participate in the alliance to digitize books in a bearing tha t would be earthly concern versus proprietary. * The distinction between the natural results in Google search versus the sponsored result. In the video, it was blabed to the highest degree as something new that Google was doing and quiesce does increasingly. The description of what Google was going is that the sponsored connect were not entirely found on how much the company was paying to have their link in that respect at the top * The example used in the video is the furnisher maker be givening independently to advertise what Google was do competing with IKEA, but rank order of independent furniture could appear above IKEA if much hoi polloi were entering that link. * In 2011, there were allegations that the Google algorithm was biased and that results were not coming up based on popularity. Google denied these allegations. Google was making a claim that they were neutral, without affecting the inwardness of the education. * It ought to raise some questions on our end , that media gos a signifi rout outt role in what and how issues be signifyed. * Public and private spheres is highlighted in the video. Hamermas and the role of the media in that scope. The question arises about what the nature of the culture is that Google has and houses with respect to it macrocosm reflective of the public or private enterprise. * Google makes the m acey from advertising, just same(p) traditional media. Google makes audiences.Google books would be free because they would deplume the audience to books and they would be exposed to advertising. The fact that Google provides this data for free to users of Google in no direction instrument that Google will al demeanors provide it for free. * Private companies asshole be very benevolent when theyre making money. When companies ar making money, they can do all sorts of things. But that changes when companies for whatever reason stop world very popular. It starts to be a concern. * Issue that arises is w hether material digitized by Google will always be in the public sphere. * Another issue is a piffling more significant.It relates to Googles intent to organize all the informationrmation in the world. The projected timeline to get this turn ine is 200 years. * We all choose Google and get the information from Google despite the fact that we can go get them from somewhere else. * If we all choose to use Google and we all end up getting the same result because its the same one we all click on the most, we will all be getting the same information and whatever we ask, we will moot there is a consensus on this point, simply because weve all opted to do the same thing and source on to the same conclusion and not realize that weve done. The appearance of a consensus emerges because weve chosen to use Google and clicked on the second or third result. * We atomic number 18 trying to understand the consequences of ICTs in our society. Mobile Media * ICTs stands for Information and Com munication engineering science * Technology is an Applied Art * The meshing represents the emergence of the modern ICT. * ICTs have a premodern definition. The first ICT is the printing press. * The emergence of the modern ICT * Communication * Printing press (1440) * telegraph (1800s) * Telephone (parallel to telegraph), electronic exchange switch, bustling phone. Information * Printing press (1440) * Radio (1900s) * TV (1950s) **All 3 atomic number 18 considered traditional media. * It represents an ICT in that it unite the 2 dutys of information and communication in a primitive form. * Then we break the emergence of the electronic ICT in the telegraph in the early 1800s. Its in this setting that the telegraph represents an innovation as it relates to communication, and enabling for the first time what we refer to as generally real time (instantaneous) relatively cardinal way communication. The evolution of these technologies evolve further in an informational context wi th the advent of radio, commercial radio, the information here world one way communication, but wireless one way communication. Following that fairly within a few decades is television. Same time, parallel in this context, pointed on the communication aspect is the emergence of the telephone and the electronic exchange switch. * The intersection between both (communication and information) represents the modernized ICT that is embodied largely by the INTERNET.It is those not entirely distinct functions that emerge from information in ICT and communication in ICT, the convergence of everything that is following in those 2 spheres as those technologies evolved. Communication is taking place in real time, which is a characteristic that emerges with the telegraph. The characteristic that space (geography) no longer matters. It is in real time and relatively instantaneous. * We to a fault see in the Internet what emerges in stilt media, it is interminably scalable. Radio being the form that you can broadcast the signal to as many people as you want, the only condition is that there is a murderer at the end.The Internet is the same. We see one of the greatest innovations that we didnt have here which is that anything that happens here has the potential to be two way instead of one way communication. As is consistent with all ICTs is that communication is ALWAYS mediated. The introduction of the electronic exchange switch is that the intermediary is no longer human. The mediator is technological, no longer human. * The other dimension that comes up is mobility. And mobility is whats new in this context and the question of the extent to which this relates to the meshwork is an open question but certainly in this point is time they are inked. * Mobility is an emerging focus that has some consequences. It is the innovation that builds upon that intersection whereby users of this technology can interact, exit, in a two way dialogue, in real time, and on the move (not stationary, tied in a landline or computer). * Fluent Smith says that arising from the fact that technologies are spry, they are the technologies that you must use most often, not because they are the best technology for this application but because it is the technology you have at hand. Example is phones with cameras on them.Its not that mobile phone financial spineings good pictures that makes it a good camera, it is the fact that you have your phone with you that makes it a very popular camera. * Cameras in our phone are getting better but they are not the best. the best camera you have is the camera you have with you. Technologies used because they are with us. * The other example relates to watches. Instead of increase a watch, you use your phone. * The issue of mobility brings on some other technological consequences or conditions or parameters that relate to the wireless spectrum that this technology relies upon.The spectrum that enables us to be mobile and to c ommunicate in a wireless manner. * When we communicate in a wireless manner, we rely on assorted frequencies and this has emerged in an extremely lucrative market. There isnt an unlimited spectrum. * This emerging market relates to the mobility of the new element that started with the cellphone. * Started with modern ICT, which started with the Internet. * One of the issues is how much spectrum does the BB and iPhone use? The BB is superior since it has a far narrow spectrum, which means it is more efficient. The electromagnetic spectrum is a shared and impermanent resource. You cannot just keep going further on the radio whether you are listening to whatever, you cannot keep going to 110 111, because that spectrum is for something else. * With respect to mobility, we also get a number of other innovations that arise in the context of mobility and technologies that support mobility. We think of it as our strength to communicate information in relation to ourselves, but there is a lso the ability of the technologies we use to communicate amongst one some other and track certain information.One of those contexts relates to the radio oftenness identification chips sensitive to particular signals and able to communicate to their location. One of those chips might be laid to products that are being shipped by train so that the possessor of the product can see and track where that product is. * Machine to machine communication arises in the context of intellectual property and it comes up like this. We talk about the Internet as being this great innovation that relates to our ability to access information that was previously inaccessible and we see the great potential this has.We also see a problem arising because of averership of information. This issue arises from all sorts of intellectual property (example downloading music). * What happens at a time is that if previously you went to a concert and they told you not to bring a camera and suddenly everyone has camera and all sorts of devices and you birth pictures with your phone. There is an inherent conflict because the producers want to reserve the rights of the concert. * Increasingly, this ability to communicate will have an heart and soul of what we do and do not do with our technology. The effort to mould and penalize people who infringe copyrights is becoming more difficult. * The ability of technology on being on site in the concert to tell your camera phone that this behaviour is prohibited, but for $5. 99 you can. It is that ability to interface with the technology while mobile and construe the freedom inherent in the technology that often we associate with proprietary rights. * That is one dimension that is right about the corner. Another one relates to law who are concerned with people taking pictures of them shooting people in the head or kicking someone.They have a kind of chip where if you take a picture with your phone, it will say that this action is prohibited . * The use of the technology was part of the communication that citizens could take advantage of in Egypt and seek international support to avoid civil war and even worse. The ability to what is thought of as liberating technology to be constrained and limited just because it is thought of as being liberated. * June 21th- * The focus of Smith relates to brotherly networks and network in new media as opposed to old media. * Social networking is not supposed to be just mixer.There are also other forms of networking that are not really commonly referred to. They are not just social in orientation. * We want to consider the capacity of networking that the Internet presents. What are the impacts in the longer term? The references to this historic emergence of the telegraph is intentional and instructive The changes were dramatic as a result of the telegraph. * In the context of the telephone suddenly anyone could call anyone else. It was a change of the social convention. Prior to th e invention of the switch, there was always a human intermediary.That intermediary had the capacity to control or regulate who got to talk to whom. There were protocols, staff that you had to get thru if you wanted to talk to someone. * The implications of the telephone were significant. The age of the Internet is also significant. Our ability to talk to others is no longer on the premise that there are some people that I can and cant talk to. We are being contacted by all sorts of people. It is a very profound flipside to a modulate context. Ex. The spam that we get that we often filter out.Our challenge of the age of Internet is trying to regulate and manage this huge amount of communication that is now going everywhere and that is difficult and sometimes threatening. * Social stratification different classes of people interact with one another. Some have more privilege and powers over others. In the context of the Internet, those distinctions are no longer relevant. * We spend energy, money, and resources to try to manage those efforts to fulfil or prevent information. * When we talk about social networks, they are very different from the age of the telegraph.One of the distinctions is this distinction between a social network and a social group. * A social group it is more exclusive and you know all the members of the group * Social network it grows very rapidly you dont really know everybody. These people may be people who are mutual friends. * In some cases, we see networks as friends (on Facebook). We can be certain that they dont really know the majority of these friends. * Behind the motif of social networking is social capital some people have richer social networks than others.They sometimes represent nodes in a network. This is by affiliation with these people as they interact with these nodes this becomes more relevant in the context of modern social networking. * Someone like Bin Laden was able to exert such great influence over the world in part by relying upon new and old social networking as a basis of communication a message. Bin Laden was able to disseminate messages widely that would build support, the ability to capture ball-shaped assist using these technologies, and used a horizontal and decentralized network.Bin Laden represents a node lots of social capital. This example highlights the significance of networks as something defining in our generation. * The Internet was seen as the antidote for some of the problems that was created. It was the solution. The potential of the Internet is great. Factors that enabled ICTs (how the Internet changes the game) BOOK 1. Peer to peer 2. There is a wide range of global sources no longer limited to observance the news on CBC, or reading the NY times. We now have access to a lot of information from approximately the world 3.Lack of regulation a decision that was made that the policy of the Internet would be without intervening. Lack of regulation of CONTENT (car riage and content) how we get information vs. the information we receive 4. Unconstrained by geography 5. Challenge official position who gets to have a say 6. Filtered The reality is that there is tremendous potential that we need to take advantage of. What is it that is different in the current context vs. 20 years ago. Facebook Follies Video Notes * Main undertaking of Facebook create audiences FB does not actually make anything. They provide a platform for us to give stuff to them. user generated content web 2. 0 enabled non-techy type people to actually put stuff on the Internet. * Smith talked about social production and the rise of models of info and cultural production it becomes relevant to start thinking what these platforms relate to. They relate to information (likes/dislikes, exposed picture of our networks, etc. ) * FB operates in a manner that when we upload info on our FB account, that they own the pictures that you put on their website.We generate the content, but the economic benefits fall to someone else. * Traditional media were conceived as being displaced by the Internet we have also seen that some of the potential that is embedded in the same major corporations they have accelerated the flow of traditional media content across a variety of delivery channels. * We have seen that traditional media find their place within this new environment and reestablish the role that they had previously in the context of the meshing.The question is has the emergence of the Internet translated a new awareness to its users. Are we smarter than before? June 28th, 2012 digital race Film Notes * Multitasking is effecting grades * Brain cannot do two things at the same time- classic psychology states this * Study slower when you are switching then doing one task at a time * Multitasking destroys are creativity * Spend 50 hours a week with digital media- more then a full work week * Their needs to be more research on the effects of the internet wh y lack of research?Technology becomes obsolete * Korean bid craze Some people have died from this craze * There is an internet addiction Korea treats it has psychiatric condition * Korean kids taught to go online the same time as they read- learn how to use a computer responsibility * Korea has a top down approach * Education requires different things then they did before building things, communicating and problem solving * Instant gratification education- you cannot pursue one linear thought Teachers cannot assign a novel * 6% of students are prepared literally Basic skills are worse today * Big ideas are not carried through- small bursts of ideas are carried through Paragraphs do not connect with one another * Learning stays the same we just need new ways of teaching * Distraction is not a new issue- so it is not the internet * Distraction is a problem we have coped with and as culture learned how to adapt to it- better to explore then not embrace * Second bread and butter wri te the rules of communication * Alienation is being solved by more technology says second life companyBelieves technology bring us back together We are alone out on the internet together * We can still meet people in the comforts of our house- replaces come acrosss with virtual meeting * Immersive environment is more human and engaging then actual meeting * Virtual reality feels real Real and virtual becoming blurred- feeling retch or full from fake eating If it looks real brain tells us its real * Exposure to virtual reality carried to face to face real interaction * Swimming whales experiment- believe that they swam with whales if they see themselves in virtual reality but in reality didnt * Virtual reality therapy Games used a enlisting tactic July 5th, 2012 (week 10) Knowledge Economy * Refers to a period that we are in right now. It is a period of time where a number of things have come together buying and contending of knowledge * We have a large amount of information at our disposal (speed + volume). * We are an economy based on knowledge. Its not really about knowledge but more about information. * The information/knowledge is more global because it comes from different sources more or less the world. All of these are factors that have been enabled as a result of the computer, coupled with the evolution of that technology. * The knowledge society is defined by the commodification of information. * A commodity is something that has observe in the market place. * What typifies the knowledge society is the regulation of information. * It is the fact that when something becomes a commodity, it becomes proprietary. This means that someone owns it and this means that others do not own it. This is the antithesis of free-flowing information. * The nature of information has changed in this era.Information as a Commodity is 1) Inconsumable Not consumed by its use. 2) Untransferable You can transmit the information and still have the information. 3) Ind ivisible Information must be transferred as a whole entity to have meaning. Ex. You can sell one-half a barrel of oil and it would be fine. 4) Accumulative The addition of more information is more than the sum of its parts. As you add layers to information, you add value to that information. (Information needs to be relevant and accurate. ) * These four factors are laughable to information as a commodity.You couple it with facets such as speed and volume, and by extension the accessibility of information around the world has created some problems when the information is proprietary. When I own the information, I need to safeguard this information. Legal Protection in Place to Safeguard Intellectual Property Copyright The exclusive right to make copies, license, and differently exploit a literary, musical, or artistic work, whether printed, audio, video, etc. plain The exclusive right granted by a government to an inventor to manufacture, use, or sell an invention for a certain number of years.Trademark Any name, symbol, figure, letter, word, or markadopted and used by a manufacturer or merchant in order to designate his or her goods and to distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others. A trademark is a proprietary term that is usually registered with the Patent and Trademark Office to assure its exclusive use by its owner. License Agreements The right to use software in certain contexts for certain purposes. Its not an absolute right. The ownership of that software still resides with the creator such as Microsoft, IBM, etc. Chaos Wisdom Continuum Amout of ProcessingPotential Utility * What is the difference between information and knowledge? You can sell information unlike knowledge. * Knowledge = information + experience * Wisdom = Knowledge OVER Time * Internet is on the lower half of the continuum (information, data, and chaos). * We cannot find knowledge and wisdom on the Internet. * We are reliant on the Internet because we believe that is all that is out there. * We need to look beyond to find knowledge and wisdom. Internet should be the starting point towards knowledge and wisdom. * There is the fear of loosing all of this information.Example sailing practices in Europe. * Knowledge implies understanding. However, it is not automatic. Its mayhap the greatest paradox of our time that we have access to unprecedented levels of information, but at the same time, were potentially more uninformed than ever. * Question of whether were smarter now than a similar group of people in another time. Are we smarter or dumber than before? In last weeks Digital Nation video, Mark Bauerlein, author of The Dumbest Generation states his opinion. How do we measure smart? Studies show that tests are easier now. There is a theory that our brains are plastic and malleable. We can change/train our brains to be a certain way. Our brains do change and develop based on what were exposed to. That could mean that certain skills are better de veloped based on what theyre exposed to. * Artificial intelligence, like Watson, lacks the understanding of context like geographic based questions * This framework consists of 4 elements that we can ask that could be useful or more meaningful in determining the capacities that we have now versus the capacity we had during other times.It could be steadying in determining our intelligence. Framework (around smartness) Elements 1) Capacity to communicate with others in a manner that is rich in meaning and comprehensive. More difficult to measure, but it speaks to whimsical human capacities. 2) Ability for self-reflection. Its the ability to think about oneself based on the stock of knowledge and experience that one has accumulated. Its the idea that we are always growing during our lifetime. Every day we learn a little bit more about ourselves and the world around us, and making use of that. 3) The ability for abstraction.Its the ability to use different words and meanings in differ ent contexts. 4) The ability to link different ideas or information and to draw meaningful conclusions based on these associations. This is actually analysis. Analysis is about being able to see connections and linkages. In the basic sense scheduling requires an understanding of analysis. I cant be in two places at once. * We are less engaged than we used to be. * The problem really is the value that we give to the Internet and that kind of knowledge. * Its about being able to regurgitate information. Misplaced metaphor is that the idea of the knowledge society is not characterized by the free flow of information but by the proprietary of information. * As smart and as quick as an individual can be, none of that in and of itself translates well into this kind of framework, and certainly not in the context of a computer like Watson. July 12 * Fluent Smith defines or identifies three distinct facets of the knowledge economy as having come together and to some degree independently. * T he 3 factors that came together are 1. Prevalence of ICTs, so quite literally the technology. 2.Globalization which refers in many respects to economic context of our world based largely on ability to communicate globally, 3. Value of information in terms of safeguarding the value of intellectual property. The value of information as a commodity. Information has value in this context. * Those 3 trends ICTs, globalization, and value of info have emerged independently throughout the years to redefine the context that were in. * Its the absence of learning however that highlights the challenge set out to potential of Internet. * Our emphasis is on amusement and convenience.Those are 2 concepts that really inform what we are doing with the Internet. * Driver of the Internet has become commerce. * With commerce as the driver we are much concerned about the governance of states. * Commerce has begun to define the world as an image that suits the design of free capital. * Page 171 table th at talks about old and new paradigm **** Review It is useful to think of companies like shore and Apple when face for at the 2 sides of the table. * In the text, there is an extent of focus on ecommerce GO THROUGH ON YOUR OWN It is worth looking at impact that digitization has on distribution of media that is ocused on in this article * Fluent Smith argues is that digitization of content has eliminated many of traditional bottlenecks in media. * The traditional bottlenecks (narrow opening) access to info was slowed down at that point distribution such as newspapers that control access and thereby created these bottlenecks. * What mobile metalworker argued is the fact that we can access this info online without those bottlenecks (controllers of information, gatekeepers) they argue that popularity is no longer a prerequisite for profit * Teachers experience is different Certainly, that is true to some extent. Personally I find that in as much as we have access to a diversity of me dia so we can follow and watch and track unmeasured sources and streams of information, the fact is that we are in many respects all drawing on a very narrow cross section, that we are still very much tuned into things that are popular, that go viral, songs that are hits, movies that are blockbusters. One might suspect that we are becoming more diverse, not engaged in mass culture where we share same views. I dont see that Any thoughts on that?How much do you feel in terms of your experience, that you are a part of a larger group vs a much more diversified group of individuals? Take a classroom like this. Do you have a sense of mass culture? * Classroom today vs. 50 years ago is so much more diverse. * Fluent smith is suggesting that need for popularity no longer exists, and that has to do with commerce. You dont need to have mass appeal anymore to generate profit. And it is there that he asked that question. * In 2008, google had a one million million distinct urls in its embassi es. That suggests that theres a whole lot of information. Half a trillion urls contain important meaningful, thoughtful, relatively accurate information. * Then the question becomes how we distinguish quality content from garbage content. The idea that we actually dont have the tools to distinguish the two. * One of the things fluent smith highlights is the work of clay churky, commentator on technology and what he calls the cognitive surplus. * It speaks to what we do with our spare time and what would happen if we used it productively, the potential there. * This idea that time that we spent is not passive. A dedicated period of active focus, out of the box, off the mainstream thinking. One of the things that comes up with respect to this challenge and access and info overload is what fluent smith refers to as identifying 3 basic problems * Misinformation * Information that is wrong. Therefore we draw conclusions from that not knowing they are incorrect. * Disinformation * Informa tion that objectively discourse is not wrong but is there intentionally to mislead you. * Excess of information * The way that he sees it is the Internet is equivalent to our access to a trillion recipes. All sorts of recipes. We have access to info but losing ability to apply info.We have lots of recipes but dont know how to cook. The thinking is being taken out of applying info and acquiring knowledge and we are invited much more now to access info that someone has accessed for us. The challenge is we can sell info in a knowledge economy but we are at a loss at applying info in a way that is equivalent to knowledge. Like creativity, knowledge is not easily bought or sold. * Chapter 9 focuses more on regulation of internet, focus on potential that internet embodies and assay that this potential is put at as a regulatory apparatus and is emerging to safeguard the value of the info that is on the internet. A lot of questions and issues around info online are dealt with legal appara tus * A lot of ruling described are finding regulation in context of traditional commodities as opposed to intellectual property that exists online. * We see the extent of exiting property regimes to traditional goods and services being applied in an online environment and it is involutioning to observe that because it is the internet that originally foreshadowed that regulation information was to be legalized entirely. Suggested that it was revolution that will entirely change the sharing of information because of regulation. Article (dont know which one. sorry) assign where it highlights different contexts where what kind of info is being regulated in different countries. Not so much HOW, but WHAT. * The issue of regulation, term raised is compassion, which is the approach that most governments have taken with respect to the regulation of the Internet. * favorabsence of regulation. Even though it is about not doing anything, it is still in itself a policy resource. Forbearanc e applies to content of Internet as opposed to the carriage of information. * Content refers to the WHAT information.Carriage refers to the HOW and WHOM. * It is in the context of content that forbearance is a policy option. * Regulation of media in Canada is CRTC Canadian Radio and Television + Communications Commission. It is the regulator of media and telecommunications in Canada. * Important distinction that exists in regulation of media vs. new media or social media. And that is with respect to traditional media, the CRTC regulated both carriage and content as opposed to regulating only carriage. * What aspects of traditional media must have been regulated? Canadian content. * What does that mean?It refers to the need for computer programing to originate in Canada. * Obligation to play a certain proportion of Canadian music (maybe 30%), then the radio station will play a lot of Canadian songs between midnight and 6 am that you wouldnt otherwise hear. Has also been an issue in the production of magazines. * The reason is if those regulations didnt exist, it is argued that there would be no Canadian television shows, music, magazines. Canadian programming sometimes receives subsidies from gvt in order to support it. It is hard to compete in the marketplace prevail by Hollywood movies. Another thing that CRTC regulates is decency AND French/English/Other * Standards of decency change and we have seen that over our life course that we could watch in tv has changed, crtc seeks to reflect change in culture in terms of what is considered appropriate language and nudity, and what is considered inappropriate. Term used is ACCEPTABILITY OF PROGRAMMING. * Availability of service bell Canada in exchange for its monopoly had to provide internet access everywhere reasonably in Canada. It was not simply allowed to provide service in some places.If the policy option with respect to access is one of forbearance is what we would have seen because it is only profitable to apply in urban centers. * Regulation of CRTC relates to something specific, the regulation of advertising. It is important to say when looking at all regulations that this trend has been toward deregulation certainly over the past 30 years * Deregulation of traditional media bodies in Canada were taken out of various aspects of the regulation of media, not entirely, but a trend towards deregulation. Interesting to watch in context of advertising. Subliminal advertising the idea that advertisers where trying to use messages that you werent actually aware that you are receiving but would act on your subconscious flashing a hotdog on a concealing while watching football makes you want a hotdog. * Interesting trend in advertising like in Canada that is regulated is pharmaceutical doses basically. Ads for Viagra. Cant provide name of drug and tell us what it does. Either NAME or what it does. Viagra has been quite creative in developing ads that tell us what the drug is and not what i t does. We have learned to infer. Alcohol and tobacco are also regulated. Alcohol restricted in where it can appear. Tobacco has disappeared from television. * All that regulation and trend in deregulation has found itself as a nonissue in the internet. * Access to the internet is regulated, content is not regulated. * Important to know that although content is not regulated, general laws still applies (example lampblack for children). * We are talking about regulation of content by CRTC. * Hate crime is also criminal offense against criminal code. Cannot express things like that online and still get away with it. Ultimately, media regulation and its challenges relate to this idea of the public relate. Regulation for what? Regulation in the public interest. * Why might the regulation of pharmaceutical drugs in Canada have those rules against Viagra? Whats the problem in saying what Viagra does? Whats the issue? * We have medicare in Canada. There are contexts in which access to pre scription drugs is provided to ensured subsidized program, advertising can be to an effect. People will ask not for a drug that addresses erectile dysfunction, but for Viagra, which costs more.We dont want to subsidize the most expensive drugs, which are the ones advertised. * There is a conflict between public interest and commercial interest. It is in the interest of manufacturers to make as much money as they can. There is always a tension between regulation and commercial interest which is in the interest of the owners of a particular product. The conflict has played itself out in the last decades in the favour that support deregulation and forbearance. * Even though commercial media is vocalisation of private institutions, there was a public interest attached to their function in society.That is what we learned from traditional media in society (public watchdog) * The presumption has been that the Internet would function in the public interest without having to regulate conten t or repute some kind of intentions of outcomes. Has to do with information highway. Letting what happens on the internet happen with no interference is going to be in the publics interest, and that is in fact true. Things that help to enhance companies and interests when we least expect it. * It is the fact that states and gvt that are not regulating media that leads us to info we have now.Leads to disinformation and misinformation, and google wants to organize the info for us for their own profit. Acting in their shareholder interest NOT public interest. * We need to see our interaction in that environment on facebook and elsewhere. We need to be informed as consumers and citizens, what we are provided with, why, and at what cost whether obvious or not obvious. * One of the costs relates to surveillance. Pops up a couple of times with fluent smith. Surveillance that is explicit as well as implicit relating to use of sites online and wifi used in coffee shops for example, and our p hones where our movement is tracked.July 19 * Remote controlled machine is a creative industry- other side of creativity- is the kind of the creativity that mayhap some of us dont want to see * Just because we have ingenuity to create something doesnt mean we ought to create it Remote tick War Film Notes * http//www. cbc. ca/documentaries/doczone/2011/ upstagecontrolwar/ ( read this article to be more informed) * Possible to kill someone in real time through remote control system * scoke has become the weapon of choice and has increased 300% * Unmanned revolution * Robots have been used to save lives Next development is a multitasking robot (called bear) * You dont confront the harm that you are causing when you are using drones- moral issues * Insurgents put themselves in populated areas- substantiative damage * Robots are a closer to a washing machine * Robots are not supreme they remote controlled * Wish to have fully autonomous robot with face recognition and night vision * Autonomy is the end goal * Humans can only make a number finite decisions * Humans are the weak link cannot make decisions in lightning speed * Having the people in the loop is bad Brains operate in a fixed rate * We have one thing over robots- we have reasoning and judgment * Swarm- cannot be under human control they organize themselves the negotiate among themselves focus on a single task * Big enough swarm humans cannot focus on this just way too many of them * Drone created under the Bush administration and became more success * No declared war in Afghanistan drone are a way to go beyond the rules of war * No idea of the rules or decisions that constitute the use of drones * The use of drones there is a lack of transparency In the CSIs part and believed to mostly illegal Fluent smith * Introduced access to the Internet is it a human right? * There are ppl who lead a traditional life- do not use the internet * At some point all people are going to need to use the internet * It invites us to think coating chapter * Teacher highlights that in 2010 the internet usage surpassed the time spent watching television Teacher surprised to see that not happen earlier * Is Google making us stupid Intellectual technologies- extend our mental abilities * Argument we are becoming pancake people breadth but not depth * tuition has now become like riding jet ski- skimming the surface * Fluent we are not applying the same kind of rigor then we did in the context of traditional media. Dont have this in the Internet.Role of journalism is being supplanted by other media- blogging, citizen news * Fluent emphasizes mobility as a unique and new facet * Hive mind depicted in the robots no one controlling mind do their own thing one of the features of risk of infection with respect with Watson we see what Watson is thinking process the comp goes through when the question is asked and answered Im 77% that it is this answer * Fluent we are always on now as technology users capaci ty to be in constant communication there is a potential in their that becomes a kin to a hive displaces the need to think for our selves * Grey elephant in Denmark we think we are thinking our own thoughts but we are thinking the same as everyone else * Focus on the authors internet of thing the meaning of the Internet is no longer defined by the technologies that we physically see.Now what technology enables * Central feature and that feature is a screen archeologist. The screen is the physical manifestation of that interface of technology * Screen is a light * We are like moths we are drawn to lights and difficult to realize are selves away from- fascination and reliance of screens

The Hunchback in the Park

The Hunchback in the Park My life makes me indirect request to spark away. Ive got no place to go. No family, no house, no anything. All wiped protrude by a fire in 2001. I did non feature any money paid forth by the policy company because they say the fire was an act of God caused by a lightning strike, which my insurance did not cover. Since then, Ive been walking this park, alone and joked about by everyone who walks past me. Now I guess youre wondering, why dont I get a job? Why does everyone joke about me? Why do I not ask my family for help?Well, I boast been applying for jobs, its just that no-one accepts me. I studied hard at school and I got decent grades, hardly no jobs are available to me. The answer to the second skepticism is something that I just have to live with. During the fire, My face was horribly burned. This, added to the fact that I am short and have a hunchback, makes people fear me and run away or just shout abuse at me. Finally, the answer to the t hird interrogative sentence is that I simply do not have any. My parents died when I was two years old. I have no aunties, no uncles, nobody.There is one person in my life though. If there is anyone who could be that special someone, its her. Shes beautiful. Despite never talking to her, our eyes have met many eras and its love at set-back sight. I just call I could arrive at up the courage to finally talk to her. It has been a while since Ive approached a woman without being slapped or ran away from. In fact, it has been a while since I have approached anyone. Any social interaction with the world feels unenviable and scary because it has been so long.The only interaction I have with the outside world is through the topical anaesthetic children who torment me each day. Each day, I hinge upon on this bench starving. The only meals I eat are leftovers I manage to find in the bin. It is a miracle how I survive. How I have not died from dehydration, starvation or hypothermia is a miracle. I have not had a shower in months. I just wish someone would take me home. await theres the woman The woman which takes my breath away every time I see her. Maybe she could be the one to take me off the streets.Only if I could gather up the courage to approach her my life would not be as much of a mess and I could get my life moving in the right direction. OK, Im freeing to do it this time. Im going to talk to her As I get off the bench, I spot the local children Quick, hide Those pesky local children are coming. Look at them, with their hoods up with their phones playing out their angry music with their hands in the shape of a gun. They make my life colliery even though I dont arouse them.I throw outt run very fast due to my disability (which is my hunchback) so when the children chase me I can not get away. They circle me and torment me. One day, they pushed me over. It harm and many people seen this, except no-one came to help me. I was shocked that no-one as ked me if I was OK, this is one of the reasons I give up on the world. People are stingy and do not care about anyone else. Eventually, the children grew tiresome of mocking me and left either that or they left because it was getting dark. So, here I am erstwhile again.Another lonely night, propped up against a tree, with no-one to hold. No family to wish goodnight. Oh, what I would give to feel love again. Each day is a recurring nightmare, except I cant wake up. Im going to make a promise to myself now, and it is that tomorrow Im going to try flake my life around. Im going to apply for a job and Im going to ask the girl of my dreams to dinner. Oh, how wonderful life could become with those two simple things. You , the park steward says, as he pokes me with his pointed stick used for picking up leaves, Time to move along. .So my day begins, and Im feeling slightly optimistic for once knowing that instantly I will be once again attempting to elucidate out my life. You may be thinking, Why do you think this attempt will be any different to your others? , well Im not too certain(predicate) myself. All I know is that today Im going to come across as a confident individual. I think this is what I have been lacking, but it is hard for me to be confident when I have the likes of those pesky children always tormenting me, insulting me and abusing me. Anyway, the first step in getting back on my feet is to get a job.The Hunchback in the ParkThe Hunchback in the Park My life makes me want to run away. Ive got no place to go. No family, no house, no anything. All wiped out by a fire in 2001. I did not get any money paid out by the insurance company because they said the fire was an act of God caused by a lightning strike, which my insurance did not cover. Since then, Ive been walking this park, alone and joked about by everyone who walks past me. Now I guess youre wondering, why dont I get a job? Why does everyone joke about me? Why do I not ask my family for h elp?Well, I have been applying for jobs, its just that no-one accepts me. I studied hard at school and I got decent grades, but no jobs are available to me. The answer to the second question is something that I just have to live with. During the fire, My face was horribly burned. This, added to the fact that I am short and have a hunchback, makes people fear me and run away or just shout abuse at me. Finally, the answer to the third question is that I simply do not have any. My parents died when I was two years old. I have no aunties, no uncles, nobody.There is one person in my life though. If there is anyone who could be that special someone, its her. Shes beautiful. Despite never talking to her, our eyes have met many times and its love at first sight. I just wish I could gather up the courage to finally talk to her. It has been a while since Ive approached a woman without being slapped or ran away from. In fact, it has been a while since I have approached anyone. Any social inter action with the world feels awkward and scary because it has been so long.The only interaction I have with the outside world is through the local children who torment me each day. Each day, I sit on this bench starving. The only meals I eat are leftovers I manage to find in the bin. It is a miracle how I survive. How I have not died from dehydration, starvation or hypothermia is a miracle. I have not had a shower in months. I just wish someone would take me home. Look theres the woman The woman which takes my breath away every time I see her. Maybe she could be the one to take me off the streets.Only if I could gather up the courage to approach her my life would not be as much of a mess and I could get my life moving in the right direction. OK, Im going to do it this time. Im going to talk to her As I get off the bench, I spot the local children Quick, hide Those pesky local children are coming. Look at them, with their hoods up with their phones playing out their angry music with their hands in the shape of a gun. They make my life hell even though I dont provoke them.I cant run very fast due to my disability (which is my hunchback) so when the children chase me I can not get away. They circle me and torment me. One day, they pushed me over. It hurt and many people seen this, but no-one came to help me. I was shocked that no-one asked me if I was OK, this is one of the reasons I give up on the world. People are selfish and do not care about anyone else. Eventually, the children grew tiresome of mocking me and left either that or they left because it was getting dark. So, here I am once again.Another lonely night, propped up against a tree, with no-one to hold. No family to wish goodnight. Oh, what I would give to feel loved again. Each day is a recurring nightmare, except I cant wake up. Im going to make a promise to myself now, and it is that tomorrow Im going to try turn my life around. Im going to apply for a job and Im going to ask the girl of my dream s to dinner. Oh, how wonderful life could become with those two simple things. You , the park keeper says, as he pokes me with his pointed stick used for picking up leaves, Time to move along. .So my day begins, and Im feeling slightly optimistic for once knowing that today I will be once again attempting to sort out my life. You may be thinking, Why do you think this attempt will be any different to your others? , well Im not too sure myself. All I know is that today Im going to come across as a confident individual. I think this is what I have been lacking, but it is hard for me to be confident when I have the likes of those pesky children always tormenting me, insulting me and abusing me. Anyway, the first step in getting back on my feet is to get a job.

Employment Rights and Responsibilities Template Essay

Information about habit Rights and Responsibilities ERR is a domineering part of all prenticeship programmes to show that the train has had a full stimulus generalization to the company or training programme, and are aware of those right and responsibilities that are immanent in the workplace. Apprentices may be in the first job or be experienced in their role or diligence, but this does not simulate their ability to take the fellowship required. How should it be delivered?The ERR cognition has been presented in a similar format as the NOS and NVQ units so that it has the alike(p) flexibility as the NVQ. There are a number of evidence sources for ERR and these can include Referencing evidence showing knowledge of the in-house company induction against the ERR requirements (e. g. Copies of induction handbook, with explanation from the apprentice where necessary) Collecting a portfolio of evidence, integrated with NVQ and Key Skills portfolios to prove knowledge. Some tech nical certificates include an externally tested ERR module, which will look at the ERR. How much evidence should I provide? We advise that the Apprentice should provide evidence showing their understanding of the company procedures and how these relate to the laws and regulations. However, the Apprentice should not be expected to provide large paper documents regarding any parts of legislation we, therefore, suggest that evidence (e. g. company procedures, websites etc. ) should be sign-posted wherever possible and practical.What is include in this document? The document includes the required commonplaces in the same layout as the National Occupational Standards are produced. This can then be re-formatted in to the same delivery method used by providers for the pertinent NVQ. This also includes helpful resources, mainly in the form of website addresses for apprentices and employers to research any information that is not before long included in the company induction. What proof is required by e-skills UK?Once the candidate has finish the ERR, then the candidate, employer and training provider should sign the final page, and cast with the Certificate Request form to e-skills UK. Please be aware that while this Unit appears in the same format as an AOC or Unit, it does not motive to be assessed or verified in the same way as the NVQ part of the Apprenticeship. Anyone with the appropriate technical knowledge on the subject can be responsible for judging the evidence provided by the candidate. What is the difference between Apprenticeship and Advanced Apprenticeship ERR?While the knowledge requirements are the same for both levels, the Advanced Apprentice will be expected to brace a broader knowledge of the ERR, and the employers business in this. This should be in line with the greater depth of knowledge required for both the NVQ and Technical Certificates for Advanced Apprentices. Links to qualifications in the Apprenticeship frameworks The Employment R ights and Responsibilities links to other parts of the Apprenticeship frameworks and can be delivered alongside the other qualifications in an integrated approach.For example The ERR includes areas that can be cross-referenced with parts of the NVQ, varying depending on qualification and units chosen Areas of the Technical Certificate will also cover parts of the ERR Key Skills can be integrated with an area of ERR or the NVQ to show knowledge of the subject (this will be especially applicable to the Communication Key Skill) Employment Rights and Responsibilities These are the rights and responsibilities required for Apprentices, covering the relevant areas of employment law and workplace practices and procedures.There will be rights and responsibilities standard to all job roles and industries, and in addition, industry specific requirements. The competent person can This will involve applying knowledge and Evidence reference understanding of Rights What should compensate u p a beseech of employment During my induction into the course I was array knowledge of your rights as an made aware of the terms and conditions of employee, and work in accordance operative at Zenos and I signed a contract with them to accept and agree to the conditions. There is also a description at Responsibilities www. acas. org. uk which states Show knowledge of your A contract of employment is an agreement responsibilities as an employee, between employer and employee and is the and work in accordance with them basis of the employment relationship. This must conform to the The Employment Rights figure of 1996 Anti- contrariety laws and the bodies that I have written about the EO presentation enforce them and test in Induction and explained how I have discussed anti-discrimination/EO in formal do reviews. Your functional hours and holiday entitlement. Found in learners handbook (9 to 5 Monday to Friday, fixed holiday period). Your com panys policy on Sick and Maternity brook Sickness is covered in the learner handbook. Issues discussed in progress reviews. Not entitled to maternity pass. Your rights as an Apprentice Detailed in learner handbook. tress up on time, wear appropriate clothing, fare contract of employment. Your companys grievance and disciplinary This was detailed in the learner handbook, procedures covered in Induction The health and sanctuary legislation relevant to yourReceived a health and safety presentation role, and your role covering the main health and safety points and concerns. Your roles and requirements in maintaining health This was detailed in a health and safety and safety presentation covering the main health and safety points and concerns. (i. e. ensure my knowledge safety and others, report incidents to first aider). Your responsibility in adhering to data The importance of data protection was protection. covered in presentations and tasks (also covered in learner handbook). acquaintance of industry laws and guidelines The main laws and guidelines are covered in my learner handbook, available on the internet and were detailed in a presentation. NOS and external sources of representation in yourThe main laws and guidelines are covered industry in my learner handbook, available on the internet and were detailed in a presentation. Your role in your aggroup and effective team-working I have taken part in a few tasks involving a team. So I am familiar with the essentials of team work. knowledge and understanding components Health and safety rights and responsibilities What your rights are and what you must do to follow company procedures Rights What employers should do in order to protect you at work What responsibility a training provider for your Health and Safety (including the Safe Learner project) Responsibilities Your responsibilities in maintaining health and safety in your workplace The laws and company procedures that you must be aware of at work (including Health and Safety at Work 1974, Manual Handling, DSE and any other laws relevant to your role) Contract of Employment What a contract of employment must include and the laws relating to them. Rights When you should be issued with a contract of employment What the contract should include (e. g. Salary, annual leave, working hours etc. ) What should be done when changes in the contract are needed (e. g. changes in salary, job role, working hours) The relevant areas of the Employment Law Act, particularly Statement of Particulars (Contracts) Responsibilities Adhering to the Contract of Employment The differences for self-employed workers Anti-discrimination laws What discrimination (e.g. gender, race, disability and age) is and the laws that protect against it. Rights Your right to not be discriminated against on any grounds (e. g. gender, race, disability and age) The laws tha t protect you from discrimination, such as Equal Pay Act 1970 Race Relations Act 1976 disablement Discrimination Act 1995 What to do if you are being discriminated against, (including internal and external procedures) Responsibilities Examples of what would constitute discrimination against others The difference between direct, indirect and positive discrimination. How to avoid discriminating against potential employees when recruiting. working hours and holiday entitlement Your working hours and holiday entitlement, and the regulations and procedures that control these. Rights What the Working Time Regulations 1998 are and the maximum working hours allowed, particularly for Young Workers (aged 16-17) Any exceptions to the Working Time Regulations 1998 (e. g. Seasonal workers in busy times, such as Christmas) .What yourworking hours and holiday entitlement are (see also Contracts of Employment) Who enforces the Working Time Regulations Responsibilities Yo ur companys procedure for booking holiday (annual leave) and why it is important that you follow it. What to do if you need to change or adjust your working hours. Sick and Maternity Pay Your rights to Sick and Maternity Pay and your responsibilities in communication with your employer regarding these. Rights What Statutory Sick Pay is and your companys sick pay policy The right to Maternity Leave, and the minimum number of weeks of entitlement under Ordinary Maternity Leave (OML) Responsibilities The company procedures for reporting sick days. Procedures to follow regarding Maternity Leave. Rights and responsibilities of an Apprentice As an Apprentice you have some specific rights and responsibilities Rights Your role as an Apprentice and the similarities or differences from other employees in your company How the National Minimum salary applies to Apprentices. Responsibilities Your commitment to the training and qualifications in the Apprenticeship Grievance and disciplinary procedures The laws and internal procedures relating to grievance and disciplinary procedures Rights The process that employers must follow for disciplinary procedures. Your rights during the disciplinary procedures. Responsibilities The procedures you must follow to report a grievance The procedures to follow to appeal a disciplinary decision. Data Protection The key areas of data protection and how they affect you as an private and an employee Rights Your right to personal information held by an organisation (either your employer or another company) Who has rights to your information and how it can be used. Responsibilities What information you can and cannot give out, and who can have access to that information Team working Working effectively as part of a team (from Develop Personal Effectiveness Unit) Rights See responsibilities Responsibilities communicating effectively in a team setting contributing to team activities .Industry laws and guidel ines The laws and guidelines that affect your industry (IT, Telecoms or Contact Centres) Rights None Responsibilities What and how different industry activities are affected by laws and guidelines, such as storing names and address, downloading images from the Internet or sending inappropriate e-mails. The laws that are relevant to your role in ICT or Contact Centres, for example Telecoms The Wireless Telegraphy Act IT The Computer Misuse Act and the Electronic Communications Act 2000 .NOS and external sources of representation The information relating to IT that is relevant to your job role Rights The organisations that represent you and your employer (e. g. e-skills UK, trade unions, Intellect, British Computer Society, Call Centre Association) Responsibilities What National Occupational Standards are, how they can be used and who sets them for your industry. Useful Resources establishment Role/ Areas covered Website ACAS (Advisory, Advice on employment matters w ww. acas. org.uk Conciliation and Arbitration Service) Citizens Advice Bureau General source of advice on a range of topics www. adviceguide. org. uk covering your rights as a citizen Department for Education Overall responsibility for education in England www. dfes. gov. uk and Skills Directgov Website covering almost all areas of employment www. direct. gov. uk rights and responsibilities, contracts etc. Disability Rights Disability Rights and Disability Discrimination .www. drc-gb.org Commission Act 1995 e-skills UK Sector Skills Council for IT, Telecoms and Contactwww. e-skills. com Centres Equal Opportunities Equal Pay. Sexual par. www. eoc. org. uk Commission Federation of Trade association for the mobile and www. fcs. org. uk Communication serve telecommunication services industry Health and Safety Regulators of Health and Safety www. hse. gov. uk Executive Information Data Protection and Freedom of Information www. informationcommission er.gov. uk Commissioners moorage Learning and Skills Responsible for funding 16+ training in England www. lsc. gov. uk Council Safe Learner Specific Health and Safety information for www. safelearner. info Apprentices Trade centre Council Information about trade union and search for you www. tuc. org. uk trade union The Commission for RacialRace Relations Act and racial equality www. cre. gov. uk Equality Tiger National Minimum Wage and Maternity Leave www. tiger. gov. uk .If you have any comments or queries regarding this workbook, please email ben. sweetmane-skills. com. Declaration This declaration should be completed by the Apprentice, the employer and the training provider and then attached with the Apprenticeship Certificate Request Form. Apprentice Name Date of Birth Signature Date Employer Name make-up Signature Date Training Provider Name Training Provider Signature Date Please record details of any alternative knowledge specifica tions below