Amazon Rainforest

amazon Rain woodwind instrument I am an explorer and I in effect(p) returned from an expedition to the Amazon rain forest. The Amazon rainforest was amazing and there lots of facts that I would like to tell you rough picThe Rainforest bewilder around the equator. The warming, turned on(p) conditions argon perfect for plants. picIn fact, rainforests contain the heavy(a)st diversity of plant and animal life on earth many species argon still unidentified. Rainforests form dis platect layers, providing bags for animals at either levels. picThe Amazon rainforest is the populations largest remaining natural resource that now represents 54% of the total rainforest left on earth. picMore than 20% of earths oxygen is produced in this sector the name of that area is called lungs of the planet. picAn estimated number of 2,700 one million million acres of the rainforest are burned each(prenominal) year. picThe rainforest is one of the wettest besides hottest places on earth. Augus t is the Amazons driest month. picIn the s kayoedheast of England, the temperature in January is about 5c, where as in the Amazon it is about 28c. picThe total number of tree species is estimated to be about 2500. The total numbers of plants are about 40. 000. The Amazon insects are about 2. 5 million species.There are 7500 species of butterflies and 50 species of ants are make in a single tree. picOver 500 mammals, 175 lizards and over 300 other reptiles species, and one third of the worlds birds bed in Amazonia. Map of the Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest covers the area of 2. 5 million square miles, and taken up social club countries of Brazil Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Guianas, Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname. Tropical rainforests are located around the equator where temperatures stay near 80 degrees year round. Rainforest receive 160 too cd inches of rain each year.Today, rapid deforestation threatens the Amazons forests. At curren t rates, 25 percent of its original forests are projected to be destroyed by 2020, it give be a disaster. Climate This is a climate graph showing temperature and precipitation that happens yearly. The rainfall in January to march is increasing then it falls to whitethorn from 310mm to 250 mm. The rainfall then decreases to 110mm, and then it goes back down to august by 60mm. The precipitation level ascends to December by 170mm. There was lots of rainfall in between January and May, its like monsoon in India.The temperature starts in January at the level of 130 degrees Celsius, and then it drops to 110 degrees Celsius. Temperature increased to 140 degrees Celsius in April and may. Then it went up to one hundred fifty degrees Celsius in July, afterwards it shoots up to 290 degrees Celsius in September and 300 degrees Celsius in October. The temperature drops right down to 200 degrees Celsius in December. The temperature rose and the rainforest were really hot in between August and N ovember. As I was exploring the rainforest I noticed that it is very hot, wet and sticky- very humid. I was covered with sweat and my boots were all sticky with mud.Another thing is that it rains everyday, so regularly that you could set your watch by it. The eastern horizon becomes suddenly black, and then wind rushes through the forest, a undimmed flash of lightening, a crash of thunder and last the downpour of rain. The next day the sun rises-spring summer autumn as it were in one tropical day. There is one type of rainfall, which is called convectional rainfall, which means that the sun heats the ground, which heats the air nearest the ground causing it to expand and rise. Storms are common with convectional rainfall. The Amazon rainforest gets ball club feet of rain every year.Amazon Animals Birds Rainforests contain the richest variety of the worlds birds. From the emergent layer, fast-flying predators, such as eagles and hawks, descend on forest animals. The cover is hom e to birds such as hornbills, par nonsenses, and toucans, which feed on fruit and menial animals. On the forest floor birds scratch at the soil for insects and plant roots. Here are the three animals that I saw during my expedition. Sloth I saw the sloth, there were lots of them hanging in the trees. They are very unique mammals and I found them in the canopy layer. There are six to seven species of them.They are divided up into two groups the two-toed sloth, three-toed sloth. Three-toed sloths cash in ones chips on cecropia leaves but two-toed sloths live high in the canopy feeding on a wide variety of leaves and fruits. They are very slow and lazy animals that live in trees. Sloths blow over most of their time hanging upside down from the tree branches. They sleep, mate, eat and give birth to a baby hanging upside down. They hold onto the branches with their fortified sharp curved claws that are on each of their feet, which adapt to the surround they are living. They cant stan d upright beca ingestion of the large claws.In their forest habitat, however, their hook-like claws permit a far more reliable grip on tree branches than the grip of a normal fist. Sloths have a thick brown and meagerly greenish fur coat. Sloths are about a size of a cat. They are short, flat head, big eyes, a short tail, long legs and tiny ears. any(prenominal) sloths have green algae on their fur to camouflage effect and providing some nutrients to the sloths, which lick the algae. Their fur goes upside down for rain pee to drip off. Sloths in any case have adaptations to stay warm Apparently the sloths laziness is because of its diet.They eat only leaves, which are naturally low in energy and they are hard to digest. They sleep to get energy and they sleep about for 20 hours a day. They camouflage to hide from the predators like harpy eagles, anacondas, jaguars and humans. They can live up to 12 years in the wild. They are better at swimming than walking. Anaconda- heaviest s nake in the world Honestly I really hate snakes, but unfortunately I saw an anaconda resting in one of the trees. Luckily it wasnt hungry. It was camouflaged so it cannot be visible. Then I found out that they are the heaviest snakes in the world.They also known as the water boa, they are giant, semi-aquatic meat-eater lives in swampy areas of tropical South America. The largest anaconda ever measured was nearly 28 feet long with a girth of 44 inches. The weight was over 500 lbs. Anacondas are not poisonous but it coils itself around its prey and they thump it. Anaconda could swallow entire cow. The digestion can take up to several days. They feed mostly on capybara, humans (if necessary), tip, and mammals. Anaconda dont use its teeth to chew, it uses it to hold on to its prey to prevent it from escaping. Hummingbirds Awww The hummingbirds look so cute.There were lots of them. It was really colourful when they all came together into groups. They are extremely small and brilliantl y coloured, their wings beating up to 80 times per second and making an audible buzzing sound as theyas they fly. They are fabulously fast and they dont keep still. Hummingbirds require lots of energy. They have the fastest wing beats of any bird and their hearts beat up to 1,260 beats per minute. Hummingbirds may visit 1,000 flowers per day. For protein, hummingbirds eat spiders and strain gnats from mid-air. They will pull insects out of spider webs including the spider itself.Sapsucker holes are a double treat, netting both insects and sap They mainly live in the canopy area. Plants As I researched on plants I discovered that many rainforest trees are tall, with straight boxers with few branches and buttress roots support them. Other plants embroil epiphytes, such as bromeliads and orchids. Epiphytes use other plants as support, attaching themselves to branches by their roots to reach the light. They muddle water and obtain nutrients from plant material that fall on them. Bro meliads have spiky leaves that channel water, leaves and fruit into a pool in the centre these rot to provide the bromeliad with nutrients.Structure of the Amazon rainforest trees The Emergent The upper layer can reach up to 60 m above the forest floor. Here the tallest trees of the forest stick out in isolation from the mass of trees below. The emergent layer is home to bats, predatory birds, and fruit eaters such as the sun conure. Emergent trees are the tallest trees in a rain forest canopy, the ones that get the light. When they fall, they dish out a lot of light reach down onto the forest floor for other trees to finally get their chance to stimulate. Canopy Between 30-45m above ground level is the canopy.This dense layer of branches and leaves contains the greatest variety of animal life in the forest. Lianas- suffrutescent creepers reach up to the sunlight of the upper canopy. Plants like Epiphytes grow on canopy trees. A common term for canopy trees is shade trees. A can opy is the outer layer of the trees leaves, and shade trees have a dense canopy that block out the light. Some good canopy trees include Oaks, maples, ashes, lindens, elms, poplars, beeches, tilias, tulipwood, tree waratah,birches, golden robinia, crepe myrtle, Japanese crab apple, ornamental pea,flowering plum. UnderstoreyShrubs grow in the Understorey layer wherever light squeeze through the canopy. Lizards, such as the common iguana, live here, climbing up tree trunks and feeding on insects and vegetation. The Understorey is the group of small trees, shrubs and vines that grow under the taller trees. These plants can grow in the shade of the taller trees. Understorey trees usually stay short, even if they are very old. Forest floor There are few plants on the dark forest floor, but many small animals such as insects feed on and recycle material that falls from above. Almost no plants grow in this area, as a result.Since hardly any sun reaches the forest floor things begin to deca y quickly. A leaf that might take one year to go in a regular climate will disappear in6 weeks. Leaf-cutter ant use leaves as a compost to grow fungus they feed on. Indian Tribes The kayapo liquidation Traditional Kayapo villages are formed by a circle of houses built around a large light area. The houses from the kayapo village are mainly made from materials from the forest. Men work together as a team and a colourful parrot guides the men like where to vest the stuff and etc. There are 10 houses altogether.They are made from palm trees. In the middle of the village there is the mens house. materialization and unmarried men go there. They join the senior men to paint their faces and bodies as a tradition and they learn the history of tribes and the daily basis. The river is used for fishing, bathing, cooking and drinking. Fishing is a year-round activity, but it has to be done in the dry season, when the water level is at its lowest, that fish are caught in large numbers. To achieve this, the Kayapo use timbo vines. The men beat the vines for hours in the water with small clubs (sticks wider at one end).This decreases the oxygen of the water but this wont poisson the fish. The fish wont be able to breathe in the water. Then the fish floats to the other end of the water and the children catches the fish with their bare hands. Then they go back to their village and hand their fish over to their wife, if they are unmarried they will give the fish to their mother or sister. Other foods are liberal in the garden where women look after them. The women harvest the familys garden for vegetables. They also prepare body paint with the help of their children. Children play hunting games.Kayapo learn portugese to help them understand the world around them. They use radios to communicate with the other tribes. Deforestation Deforestation is when the amazon tropical rainforest or any forest which is be cut down at an alarimg rate. It is estimated that 100,000 speci es willl become extinct in the next 40 years as a result of deforestation. The potential for discovering new foods or medicines from these species will be lost forever. The problem is that the rainforest does not grow back. This is because most of the nutrients which the plants needs to grow are stored in the trees.Once the trees have been removed, the source of the nutrients diappears. whatever goodness that is left in the soil is quickly washed away by the heavy rainfall that happens in this region. There used to be 6 million indigenous people in the amazon rainforest today there are only 200,000 left. This is because deforestation is destroying their traditional lands, they have suffered from diseases brought in by the settlers. If deforestation is not controlled only 28 per cent of the amazon rainforest will be left by 2020. Deforestation is caused by Agriculture- the forest has been cleared to clear farmland for large estates.Ranching- a major cause of deforestation is for bee f cattle farming. Mining- the amazon is rich in minerals like iron ore, tin and gold the forest is destroyed by the mines. Dams- the dams provide essential electricity, which is a renewable energy source. However the forest is flooded and wildlife will loose their habitat. Roads- 12,000 km of roads have been built in the amazon. Conclusion We can help to protect the rainforest by making sure that we do not bargain any products that are responsible for trees being cut down. We can also support organisations that protect rainforests such as friends of the earth or greenpeace.Each year an area of forest slightly larger than trees are cut down, releasing global warming pollution in the form of carbon dioxide and methane from burning and decaying vegetation. Deforestation disturbs the water cycle by allowing water to runoff directly to rivers rather than being trapped in soil and vegetation and slowly released throughout the year. 85% of the Amazon rainforest may be lost due to global warming. By the end of the year the trees had released more than two-thirds of the carbon dioxide they have stored during their lives, helping to act as a break on global warming.Instead they began accelerating the climate change. These are some steps for saving rainforests which are known as TREES Teach others about the grandness of the environment and how they can help save rainforests. Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cut down. Encourage people to live in a way that doesnt hurt the environment Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife Support companies that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment That was the end to my journey I had a lovely time. I like to go there again.